Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase type IV (CAMKIV) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. This enzyme is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with limited tissue distribution, that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells.

The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and biosynthesis. Cytochrome P450 2E1 is induced by ethanol, diabetes and starvation. The enzyme metabolizes both endogenous substrates, such as ethanol, acetone, and acetal, and exogenous substrates including benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene glycol, and nitrosamines. Due to its many substrates, this enzyme may be involved in such varied processes as gluconeogenesis, hepatic cir

TWEAK (otherwise known as TNFRSF12A, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A), is a member of the TNF family and was first described as a weak inducer of apoptosis in some cell types. It is thought to promote angiogenesis and the proliferation of endothelial cells as well as modulating cellular adhesion to matrix proteins. Recently, a receptor for TWEAK was isolated by expression cloning from a HUVEC cell cDNA library.$nFunction : Receptor for TNFSF12/TWEAK. Weak inducer of apop

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex of proteins that constitute adherens junctions (AJs). AJs are necessary for the creation and maintenance of epithelial cell layers by regulating cell growth and adhesion between cells. The encoded protein also anchors the actin cytoskeleton and may be responsible for transmitting the contact inhibition signal that causes cells to stop dividing once the epithelial sheet is complete. Finally, this protein binds to the product of the APC gen

This gene encodes a member of the type I cytokine receptor family, which is a transmembrane receptor for growth hormone. Binding of growth hormone to the receptor leads to receptor dimerization and the activation of an intra- and intercellular signal transduction pathway leading to growth. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Laron syndrome, also known as the growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS), a disorder characterized by short stature. In humans and rabbits, but not ro

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase mediates the signaling transduction induced by TGF beta and morphogenetic protein (BMP), and controls a variety of cell functions including transcription regulation and apoptosis. In response to IL-1, this protein forms a kinase complex including TRAF6, MAP3K7P1/TAB1 and MAP3K7P2/TAB2; this complex is required for the activation of nuclear factor kappa B. This kinase can also activate MAP