Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracelular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. Alternatively, glutathione can be hydrolyzed to give Cys-Gly and gamma glutamate. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive.$nTissue specificity: Detected in fetal and adult kidney and liver, adult pan

Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates CTNNB1 at 'Ser-45'. May play a role in segregating chromosomes during mitosis.$n

EDD is a progestin-regulated gene that was isolated from T-47D human breast cancer cells. Based on sequence homology, EDD appears to be a human homolog of the Drosophila hyperplastic discs (hyd) gene, a tumor suppressor gene that is required for control of imaginal disc growth. EDD contains a HECT domain in the carboxy terminus. HECT domain-containing proteins function as ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3 enzymes. EDD has been shown to bind to ubiquitin, and like other HECT family proteins, may

The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described and include fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). The VEGF protein family is comprised of VEGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, all of which may exhibit angiogenic function in vivo. VEGF-B, which exists as two alternative

Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. This gene product belongs to a family of glutamate receptors that are sensitive to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate(AMPA), and function as ligand-activated cation channels. These channels are assembled from 4 related subunits, Gria1-4. The subunit encoded by this gene (Gria2) is subject to RNA editing(CAG