Myogenin is a member of a family of myogenic regulatory genes, which includes MyoD, myf5 and MRF4. These genes encode a set of transcription factors, which are essential for muscle development. Transfection of myogenin into multipotential mesodermal cells have been shown to convert the mesodermal cells to myoblasts. Expression of myogenin is restricted to cells of skeletal muscle origin. It is therefore a useful marker for tumors of the muscle lineage, being strongly expressed in alveolar rhab

This gene encodes a member of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family, which contain multiple ankrin repeat domains. The encoded protein interacts with REL dimers to inhibit NF-kappa-B/REL complexes which are involved in inflammatory responses. The encoded protein moves between the cytoplasm and the nucleus via a nuclear localization signal and CRM1-mediated nuclear export. Mutations in this gene have been found in ectodermal dysplasia anhidrotic with T-cell immunodeficiency autosomal dominant diseas

The protein encoded by this gene is a multifunctional, nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation. It functions as a transcription factor that regulates transcription of specific target genes. Mutations, overexpression, rearrangement and translocation of this gene have been associated with a variety of hematopoietic tumors, leukemias and lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma. There is evidence to show that alternative translation

This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransf

This gene encodes a flavoprotein essential for nuclear disassembly in apoptotic cells, and it is found in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in healthy cells. Induction of apoptosis results in the translocation of this protein to the nucleus where it affects chromosome condensation and fragmentation. In addition, this gene product induces mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins cytochrome c and caspase-9. Mutations in this gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency

The ATF/CREB family consists of transcription factors that function through binding to the cAMP responsive element (CRE) palindromic octanucleotide, TGACCTCA. The best characterized members of this gene family include CREB-1, CREB-2, ATF-1,ATF-2,ATF-3and ATF-4. these transcription factors share highly-related COOH terminal leucine zipper demerization and basic DNA bindings but are highly divergent in their amino terminal domains. Although each of the ATF/CREB proteins bind CREs in their homodi