Calmodulin consists of two glycoproteins, 34 and 39 kDa, sometimes designated epithelial antigen, epithelial specific antigen, and epithelial glycoprotein. The glycoproteins are located on the cell membrane surface and in the cytoplasm of virtually all epithelial cells with the exception of most squamous epithelia, hepatocytes, renal proximal tubular cells, gastric parietal cells and myoepithelial cells. Epithelial Calmodulin is found in the large majority of adenocarcinomas of most sites (

MCAM (MUC18 antigen, CD146), a member of the immuoglobulin superfamily, is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein of 110-120 kDa found on the surface of endothelial cells, bone marrow fibroblasts and various melanomas. MCAM (Melanoma adhesion molecule) has been used as a marker of tumor progression in human melanoma because expression in those tumors correlates strongly with poor prognosis and the development of metastic disease. In addition, a number of human T, B and myeloid leukemic cell line

This gene encodes the integrin alpha X chain protein. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). The alpha X beta 2 complex seems to overlap the properties of the alpha M beta 2 integrin in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium cells, and in the phagocytosis of

BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) belong to the TGF beta superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Members of this superfamily are widely represented throughout the animal kingdom and have been implicated in a variety of developmental processes. Proteins of the TGF beta superfamily are disulfide-linked dimers composed of two 12-15 kDa polypeptide chains. As implied by their name, BMPs initiate, promote and regulate bone development, growth, remodeling and repair. Smad1 translo

This gene encodes a member of the heat shock protein 90 family; these proteins are involved in signal transduction, protein folding and degradation and morphological evolution. This gene encodes the constitutive form of the cytosolic 90 kDa heat-shock protein and is thought to play a role in gastric apoptosis and inflammation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes have been identified on multiple chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012].

C9 is a plasma protein synthesized in the liver and monocytes consisting of a single polypeptide chain. C9 is a part of the membrane attack complex (MAC), an important component of the immune system. The MAC forms upon complement system activation by invading pathogenic bacteria and consists of the four major complement proteins: C5b, C6, C7 and C8. These complement proteins bind to the outer surface of the plasma membrane of the invading cell. C9 binds to the membrane associated C5b-8 prote